芝麻青枯病严重度对芝麻生长与产量的影响 |
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引用本文:李信申,肖运萍,黄瑞荣,魏林根,汪瑞清,华菊玲.芝麻青枯病严重度对芝麻生长与产量的影响.植物保护学报,2019,46(4):762-769 |
DOI:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2019.2018104 |
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中文摘要:为预测芝麻青枯病造成的产量损失,以茎秆病斑长度为指标确定成熟期芝麻青枯病严重度的分级标准,测定4个芝麻品种在不同青枯病严重度下的农艺性状指标、产量构成因子以及产量,建立单株蒴果数、单蒴粒数、千粒重、单株产量与青枯病严重度的回归方程,在此基础上对芝麻青枯病严重度与单株产量损失率进行回归分析。结果表明:随着青枯病严重度上升,芝麻株高显著降低,空梢长度显著增长,始蒴高度显著增高;而芝麻单株蒴果数、单蒴粒数、千粒重均显著下降,其中芝麻单株蒴果数降低最显著,各级芝麻病株的单株蒴果数之间显著差异,且4个芝麻品种9级病株的单株蒴果数比0级病株降低71.24%~79.08%;各级病株的单株产量之间显著差异,4个芝麻品种的1、3、5、7和9级病株平均产量损失率分别为12.56%、29.53%、54.01%、72.57%和81.98%;青枯病严重度与单株蒴果数、单蒴粒数、千粒重3个产量构成因子呈极显著线性负相关;青枯病严重度x与产量损失率y的线性回归方程为y=2.5534+9.4132x(R2=0.9867),说明青枯病严重度越高,损失率越大。 |
中文关键词:青枯雷尔氏菌 严重度 芝麻 农艺性状 产量构成因子 单株产量 |
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Effects of bacterial wilt on the growth and yield traits of sesame |
Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | Li Xinshen | Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi Province, China | | Xiao Yunping | Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi Province, China | | Huang Ruirong | Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi Province, China | | Wei Lingen | Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi Province, China | | Wang Ruiqing | Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi Province, China | | Hua Juling | Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi Province, China | huajl2000@126.com |
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Abstract:To predict the yield loss of sesame infected with Ralstonia solanacearum, based on a grading system for bacterial wilt intensity by measuring stem lesion length of sesame at mature stage, several important characters involved in the resistance levels of four sesame varieties infected with R. solanacearum were investigated under natural conditions, including agronomic traits, yield and its components; linear regression equations between bacterial wilt intensity and seed yield per plant as well as between bacterial wilt intensity and seed yield loss rate per plant were established to investigate the effects of disease intensities on capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield per plant. The results showed that the plant height decreased significantly with increasing sesame bacterial wilt intensities, while the infertile top length and the initial capsule height increased significantly. Meanwhile, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, and thousand-seed weight of sesame also decreased significantly, among which capsules per plant reduced the most significantly. The study also revealed that the significant differences in capsules per plant were detected among all grades of infected sesame varieties and the loss of capsules per plant reached 71.24%-79.08% among four infected sesame varieties with a score of grade nine. There were also significant differences in the seed yield per plant among all grades of infected sesame varieties and the average yield loss rates of four infected sesame varieties with grade one, grade three, grade five, grade seven, and grade nine reached 12.56%, 29.53%, 54.01%, 72.57%, and 81.98%, respectively. In brief, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule and thousand-seed weight were highly significantly linearly correlated negatively with sesame bacterial wilt intensities; the linear regression equation between bacterial wilt intensity (x) and sesame yield-loss rate (y) was:y=2.5534 + 9.4132x (R2=0.9867), it showed that the yield loss of sesame infected with R. solanacerum increased with the increase of bacterial wilt intensity. |
keywords:Ralstonia solanacearum disease intensity sesame agronomic traits yield compositional components seed yield per plant |
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