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河南省禾谷类作物孢囊线虫的发生分布与种类鉴定

引用本文：任豪豪,陈昆圆,周博,焦永吉,蒋士君,汤继华,崔江宽.河南省禾谷类作物孢囊线虫的发生分布与种类鉴定.植物保护学报,2022,49(6):1685-1696

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2022.2021131

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作者	单位	E-mail
任豪豪	河南农业大学植物保护学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002
陈昆圆	河南农业大学植物保护学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002
周博	河南农业大学植物保护学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002
焦永吉	河南省植物保护植物检疫站, 郑州 450002
蒋士君	河南农业大学植物保护学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002
汤继华	河南农业大学植物保护学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002
崔江宽	河南农业大学植物保护学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002	jk_cui@163.com

中文摘要:为探究河南省主要禾谷类作物孢囊线虫的发生分布，明确孢囊线虫对不同作物的危害情况，于2017—2020年对河南省18个市50个县（区）的小麦、玉米和水稻作物的孢囊线虫种类和发生分布进行随机取样调查，采用形态学特征、分子生物学鉴定和rDNA-ITS序列进化树分析技术鉴定不同作物孢囊线虫的种类，并根据土壤中孢囊基数和单孢囊卵数明确不同作物孢囊线虫的发病严重度。结果显示，共采集土壤样品308份，其中224份样品检测到孢囊，孢囊检出率为72.7%。小麦孢囊线虫发生分布范围覆盖40个县（区），其中15个县（区）为禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae侵染，23个县（区）为菲利普孢囊线虫H. filipjevi侵染，南阳市西峡县西坪镇和开封市尉氏县张市镇为禾谷孢囊线虫和菲利普孢囊线虫混合侵染发生区；玉米孢囊线虫H. zeae在濮阳市清丰县韩村镇、许昌市长葛市董村镇和禹州市范坡镇检测点首次被发现；旱稻孢囊线虫H. elachista在信阳市潢川县魏岗乡、来龙乡和新乡市获嘉县亢村镇检测点首次被发现。孢囊线虫发病严重度数据表明，小麦田平均孢囊含量高达17.3个/100 mL；玉米田平均孢囊量为11.0个/100 mL；水稻田平均孢囊量为4.4个/100 mL。表明河南省孢囊线虫高发地块主要集中在豫北、豫东和豫中平原区。

中文关键词:禾谷类作物孢囊线虫玉米孢囊线虫旱稻孢囊线虫发生分布种类鉴定

Occurrence and identification of cereal cyst nematodes in Henan Province of China

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Ren Haohao	National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
Chen Kunyuan	National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
Zhou Bo	National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
Jiao Yongji	Plant Protection Plant Quarantine Station in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
Jiang Shijun	National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
Tang Jihua	National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
Cui Jiangkuan	National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China	jk_cui@163.com

Abstract:In order to explore the occurrence and distribution of cyst nematodes in major cereal crops in Henan Province and clarify the harm of cyst nematodes to different crops, a random sample survey was conducted to investigate the species and occurrence of cyst nematodes in wheat, corn and rice crops in 50 counties (districts) of 18 cities in Henan Province from 2017 to 2020. Morphological identification, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence were performed to identify the species of cyst nematodes in different crops. The severity of cyst nematodes in different crops was determined according to the number of cysts in soil and the number of eggs in a single cyst. The results showed that total 308 soil samples were collected, of which 224 were detected to have cysts, and the detection rate of cysts was 72.7%. The occurrence and distribution of wheat cyst nematode covered 40 counties (districts), of which 15 were infected by Heterodera avenae, and 23 by H. filipjevi. Xiping Town, Xixia County of Nanyang and Zhangshi Town, Weishi County of Kaifeng were the mixed areas infected with H. avenae and H. filipjevi; H. zeae was first found in Hancun Town, Qingfeng County of Puyang, Dongcun Town, Changge County of Xuchang and Fanpo Town, Yuzhou County of Xuchang, and H. elachista was first found at Weigang Towship and Lailong Towship, Huangchuan County of Xinyang and Kangcun Town, Huojia County of Xinxiang. The incidence severity investigation showed that the mean numbers of cysts in wheat, corn and rice fields were 17.3/100 mL soil, 11.0/100 mL soil and 4.4/100 mL soil, respectively. The results suggested that the high-incidence plots of cyst nematodes were mainly concentrated in the northern, eastern and central plains of Henan Province.

keywords:cereal cyst nematodes Heterodera zeae Heterodera elachista occurrence distribution species identification

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