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植物病毒编码新小蛋白的研究进展

引用本文：高梦欣,龚攀,周雪平,李方方.植物病毒编码新小蛋白的研究进展.植物保护学报,2025,52(6):1325-1342

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2025.2025106

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作者	单位	E-mail
高梦欣	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
龚攀	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
周雪平	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193 浙江大学生物技术研究所, 水稻生物学国家重点实验室, 杭州 310058
李方方	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193	lifangfang@caas.cn

中文摘要:植物病毒作为一类重要的植物病原物，对全球农业生产构成严重威胁。据统计，由植物病毒引起的病害约占植物病害总数的50%以上。病毒侵染可导致农作物产量显著降低、品质严重下降，不仅造成巨大的经济损失，更给全球粮食安全生产带来严峻挑战。传统植物病毒学研究主要聚焦于病毒基因组编码的分子量大于10 kD的主要蛋白。然而，近年来的突破性研究发现，许多植物病毒基因组中普遍存在分子量小于10 kD的小蛋白。这些以往被忽视的小蛋白虽然结构简单，却在病毒复制、胞间移动、系统侵染以及拮抗寄主防御反应等关键生物学过程中发挥着不可替代的调控作用，如双生病毒编码的新小蛋白V3、C5等，代表了植物病毒致病机制研究的新维度和前沿领域。该文系统梳理了近年来鉴定的植物病毒新小蛋白及其生物学功能，并全面总结了用于小蛋白鉴定的关键技术方法。这些研究不仅极大地拓展了对植物病毒基因组编码潜力的认知边界，其创新性发现更为开发新型植物病毒防控策略提供了重要的理论依据和潜在的分子靶标，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

中文关键词:植物病毒新型小蛋白功能分析致病机制

Advances in research on additional small proteins encoded by plant viruses

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Gao Mengxin	State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Gong Pan	State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Zhou Xueping	State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
Li Fangfang	State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China	lifangfang@caas.cn

Abstract:Plant viruses represent a major class of plant pathogens that pose a serious threat to global agricultural production. It is estimated that viral diseases account for more than 50% of all plant diseases. Viral infections can lead to significant yield losses and severe quality deterioration in crops, causing substantial economic damage while jeopardizing global food security. Traditional researches on plant viruses have primarily focused on major viral proteins larger than 10 kD. However, recent breakthroughs have revealed that many plant virus genomes encode previously overlooked small proteins（＜10 kD）. Despite their compact size, these small proteins play critical regulatory roles in key stages of the viral life cycle, including replication, cell-to-cell movement, systemic infection, and suppression of host defense responses, as exemplified by additional small proteins like V3 and C5 encoded by geminiviruses. Their discovery has unveiled a new dimension in viral pathogenesis and opened a new frontier in plant virus research. This review systematically summarizes the novel small proteins recently identified in representative plant viruses and their biological functions, and comprehensively highlights the key experimental techniques used for their identification. These findings not only expand our understanding of the coding potential of viral genomes but also offer novel theoretical insights and potential molecular targets for developing innovative strategies to control plant viral diseases. The study of viral small proteins holds scientific significance and practical value for both basic research and agricultural applications.

keywords:plant viruse small novel protein functional analysis pathogenic mechanism

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