| 生物炭调控对大豆根腐病的防控效果及对根际微生物群落的影响 |
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| 引用本文：张琰,曹广禄,刘海旭,宋爽,陈宇飞,李亮.生物炭调控对大豆根腐病的防控效果及对根际微生物群落的影响.植物保护学报,2025,52(6):1416-1428 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2025.2025082 |
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| 中文摘要:为探究生物炭对尖镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum引起的大豆根腐病的防控效果及对根际微生物群落的影响，以黑农63大豆为材料，采用玉米秸秆生物炭，设置0、1.5%、3.0%、4.5%、6.0%共5个施用量梯度开展盆栽促生和防效试验，并通过测序数据分析生物炭对大豆根际微生物群落的影响。结果表明：4.5%生物炭处理的促生效果最佳，与对照相比，大豆株高、茎粗分别显著提高13.38%和21.09%，总根长显著增加17.42%，地下干重显著提升26.92%；根腐病病情指数显著降低了47.81%，防效达47.81%；且该处理显著提升了大豆根部过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性，同时使土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性分别显著提升18.85%和20.91%，有机质含量显著增加12.48%，速效养分碱解氮和有效磷也显著提高。根际微生物群落结构分析显示，4.5%生物炭处理下根际土壤细菌β多样性与对照相比有显著差异，群落组成出现显著分化，根际显著富集酸杆菌属Acidibacter、甲基杆菌属Methylobacillus、芽单胞菌属Gemmatimonas等有益微生物。表明生物炭在大豆根腐病绿色防控中具有较好的应用潜力。 |
| 中文关键词:生物炭 大豆 根腐病 根际微生物 施用量 |
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| Effect of biochar regulation on the prevention and control of soybean root rot and its impact on rhizosphere microbial community |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Zhang Yan | Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang Province, China | | | Cao Guanglu | Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang Province, China | | | Liu Haixu | Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China | | | Song Shuang | Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China | | | Chen Yufei | Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China | chenyufei301@126.com | | Li Liang | Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang Province, China | dongming116@163.com |
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| Abstract:To investigate the control effect of biochar on soybean root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum and its impact on the rhizosphere microbial community, a pot experiment was conducted using the soybean cultivar Heinong 63 as the test material and maize stover biochar as the soil amendment. Five biochar application rate gradients were set: 0（control）, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0%. The results showed that the 4.5% biochar treatment exhibited the optimal growth-promoting effect. Compared with the control, the plant height and stem diameter of soybean increased by 13.38% and 21.09%, respectively; the total root length and belowground dry weight increased by 17.42% and 26.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, this treatment reduced the disease index of root rot by 47.81%, achieving a control efficiency of 47.81%. Furthermore, the 4.5% biochar treatment significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in soybean roots. It also increased the activities of soil catalase and acid phosphatase by 18.85% and 20.91%, respectively; the soil organic matter content was elevated by 12.48%, and available nutrients such as alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly improved. Analysis of the rhizosphere microbial community structure revealed significant differences in the β-diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria under the 4.5% biochar treatment, with distinct differentiation in community composition. Beneficial microorganisms including Acidibacter, Methylobacillus, and Gemmatimonas were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere. These findings indicate that biochar holds considerable application potential in the green control of soybean root rot. |
| keywords:biochar soybean root rot disease rhizosphere microorganisms applied amount |
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