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光周期与温度对高粱田高粱蚜和玉米蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响

引用本文：冯榆珊,刘婷,马艳,黄禹琦,邢元晨妃,吴萌,曹睿,董旭,刘聪鹤,张海燕,赵长江.光周期与温度对高粱田高粱蚜和玉米蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响.植物保护学报,2025,52(6):1457-1466

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2025.2025071

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作者	单位	E-mail
冯榆珊	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
刘婷	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
马艳	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
黄禹琦	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
邢元晨妃	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
吴萌	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
曹睿	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
董旭	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319
刘聪鹤	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319 国家杂粮工程技术研究中心, 黑龙江大庆 163319 黑龙江省秸秆资源化利用工程技术研究中心, 大庆 163319
张海燕	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319 国家杂粮工程技术研究中心, 黑龙江大庆 163319 黑龙江省秸秆资源化利用工程技术研究中心, 大庆 163319	zhanghy51@126.com
赵长江	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 大庆 163319 国家杂粮工程技术研究中心, 黑龙江大庆 163319 黑龙江省秸秆资源化利用工程技术研究中心, 大庆 163319	zhaocj15@126.com

中文摘要:为明确光周期和温度对黑龙江省西部高粱上主要蚜虫的影响，于室内测定不同光周期（6 L∶18 D、10 L∶14 D、14 L∶10 D、18 L∶6 D和22 L∶2 D）和温度（16、19、22、25和28℃）下高粱蚜Melanaphis sacchari和玉米蚜Rhopalosiphum maidis若虫的发育历期、存活率、寿命、成虫繁殖力及种群生命表参数。结果显示：在10 L∶14 D和14 L∶10 D光周期条件下，两种蚜虫1～4龄若虫期和全若虫期均最短；在过长和过短光照（22 L∶2 D和6 L∶18 D）条件下，两种蚜虫1～4龄若虫期和全若虫期均最长。在10 L∶14 D和14 L∶10 D光周期下两种蚜虫的若虫存活率均最高，寿命和生殖期均最长，单雌繁殖力和繁殖率均最大；表明光照过长和过短均不利于两种蚜虫若虫的生长发育和成虫繁殖。在14 L∶10 D和10 L∶14 D光周期条件下，高粱蚜的净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率均显著大于过短光照和过长光照处理，高粱蚜的世代周期、种群加倍时间则均显著短于其他短光照和长光照处理；光周期对玉米蚜生命表参数的影响与高粱蚜一致。在16℃和19℃温度下两种蚜虫1～4龄若虫期和全若虫期均最长；在28℃温度下两种蚜虫的全若虫期均最短，表明低温不利于若虫的生长；在25℃温度下，两种蚜虫的若虫存活率最高，生殖期最长，单雌繁殖力最大，表明温度过高或过低均不适宜高粱蚜的发育和繁殖。在25℃温度条件下，高粱蚜的净增殖率、周限增长率和内禀增长率最高，在22℃和25℃温度下玉米蚜的净增殖率、周限增长率和内禀增长率均最高，表明过高的温度或者过低的温度均不利于两种蚜虫种群生长发育和繁殖。表明高粱蚜和玉米蚜生长发育和繁殖的适宜光周期为10 L∶14 D～14 L∶10 D，适宜温度为22～25℃。

中文关键词:高粱蚜玉米蚜光周期温度生命表繁殖力存活率寿命

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the growth, development and reproduction of the sorghum aphid Melanaphis sacchari and the corn aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis in sorghum fields

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Feng Yushan	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Liu Ting	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Ma Yan	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Huang Yuqi	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Xing Yanchenfei	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Wu Meng	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Cao Rui	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Dong Xu	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Liu Conghe	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China Heilongjiang Straw Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
Zhang Haiyan	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China Heilongjiang Straw Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China	zhanghy51@126.com
Zhao Changjiang	College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China Heilongjiang Straw Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China	zhaocj15@126.com

Abstract:To clarify the effects of photoperiod and temperature on major aphid species infesting sorghum in western Heilongjiang Province, the developmental duration, nymphal survival rate, longevity, fecundity and population life-table parameters of Melanaphis sacchari and Rhopalosiphum maidis nymphs were examined under different photoperiods（6 L∶18 D, 10 L∶14 D, 14 L∶10 D, 18 L∶6 D and 22 L∶2 D） and temperatures（16, 19, 22, 25 and 28 ℃） in laboratory conditions. The results showed that under photoperiods of 10 L∶14 D and 14 L∶10 D, both aphid species exhibited the shortest 1 st-4 th instar and total nymphal durations, whereas excessively long and short photoperiods（22 L∶2 D and 6 L∶18 D） resulted in the longest developmental periods. Under 10 L∶14 D and 14 L∶10 D, nymphal survival rate, adult longevity, reproductive period, single-female fecundity and reproductive rate all reached their highest levels, indicating that extreme photoperiods are unfavorable for nymphal development and adult reproduction. Under 14 L∶10 D and 10 L∶14 D, the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase of M. sacchari were significantly higher than those under short or long photoperiods, while its generation time and population doubling time were significantly shorter; R. maidis showed similar trends. At 16 ℃ and 19 ℃, both species exhibited the longest 1 st-4 th instar and whole nymphal durations, whereas the shortest nymphal duration occurred at 28 ℃, indicating that low temperature inhibits nymphal development. At 25 ℃, both aphids had the highest nymphal survival rate, longest reproductive periods, and greatest fecundity, indicating that excessively high or low temperatures are not suitable for their development and reproduction. The highest net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase for M. sacchari occurred at 25 ℃, while for R. maidis these parameters were the highest at 22-25 ℃. Overall, the optimal photoperiod for the growth and reproduction of M. sacchari and R. maidis was 10 L∶14 D-14 L∶10 D, and the optimal temperature range was 22-25 ℃.

keywords:Melanaphis sacchari Rhopalosiphum maidis photoperiod temperature life table fecun-dity survival rate longevity

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