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南疆三地州草原鼠害发生情况和鼠类物种的调查及鉴定

引用本文：黄孝文,闫浩杰,应亚奇,杨素文,吴建国,李璇,刘晓辉,王大伟,林峻,宋英.南疆三地州草原鼠害发生情况和鼠类物种的调查及鉴定.植物保护学报,2025,52(6):1548-1556

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2025.2025030

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作者	单位	E-mail
黄孝文	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100193
闫浩杰	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100193
应亚奇	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100193
杨素文	新疆农业大学草业学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
吴建国	新疆维吾尔自治区草原生物灾害防控中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000
李璇	新疆维吾尔自治区草原生物灾害防控中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000
刘晓辉	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100193
王大伟	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100193 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心, 新疆昌吉 831100
林峻	新疆维吾尔自治区草原生物灾害防控中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000	xjcy2009@163.com
宋英	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100193	songying01@caas.cn

中文摘要:为明确南疆三地州草原鼠害发生情况并为其防控措施制订提供依据，于2023年在南疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、和田地区和喀什地区共设置910个踏查点，83个夹捕样方，调查鼠害发生等级、主要害鼠种类和发生密度等，结合DNA条形码技术明确当地主要鼠种的种类。结果显示：在910个踏查点中，0～2级鼠害发生等级的踏查点为766个（和田地区291个，喀什地区172个，克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州303个），其余均为3～5级鼠害发生等级的踏查点。4～5级鼠害发生等级的区域集中在和田地区的皮山县、策勒县、民丰县、墨玉县和于田县，喀什地区的塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县，克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州的阿克陶县、乌恰县、阿合奇县和阿图什县。和田地区的皮山县、喀什地区的麦盖提县和塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县的鼠类种群密度偏高，夹捕率超过10.00%。经形态学鉴定和COI基因条形码鉴定，夹捕样方捕获的212只鼠隶属3科7属7种，其中子午沙鼠内蒙古亚种Meriones meridianus psammophilus在和田地区和喀什地区的占比分别高达74.70%和51.30%，是两地州的优势种。综上，南疆三地州鼠害呈现整体轻发生、局部为害重的特点，对鼠害为害严重的区域应该重点防治。

中文关键词:南疆草原鼠鼠害发生等级 DNA条形码调查

Investigation and identification of grassland rodent infestations and rodent species in the three prefectures of southern Xinjiang

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Huang Xiaowen	Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Yan Haojie	Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Ying Yaqi	Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Yang Suwen	College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Wu Jianguo	Center for Grassland Biological Disaster Prevention and Control of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Li Xuan	Center for Grassland Biological Disaster Prevention and Control of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Liu Xiaohui	Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Wang Dawei	Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Lin Jun	Center for Grassland Biological Disaster Prevention and Control of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China	xjcy2009@163.com
Song Ying	Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China	songying01@caas.cn

Abstract:To provide a scientific basis for rodent control strategies in the three prefectures of southern Xinjiang, a field survey was conducted in 2023 across Kezilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Hotan（Hetian） Prefecture, and Kashgar（Kashi） Prefecture. A total of 910 survey points and 83 snap-trap quadrats were established to assess rodent infestation levels, dominant rodent species and their population densities. The results showed that 766 of the 910 survey points exhibited low infestation levels（0-2）, including 291 in Hotan Prefecture, 172 in Kashgar Prefecture and 303 in Kezilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture. The remaining points displayed moderate-to-severe infestation levels（3-5）. Areas with the most severe rodent damage（levels 4-5） were concentrated in Pishan, Cele, Minfeng, Moyu, and Yutian counties of Hotan Prefecture; Tashikuergan Tajik Autonomous County of Kashgar Prefecture, and Aketao, Wuqia, Aheqi and Atushi in Kezilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture. Snap-trap data revealed locally high rodent population densities in Pishan County（Hotan Prefecture）, Maigaiti County and Tashikuergan Tajik Autonomous County（Kashgar Prefecture）, where trapping rates exceeded 10%. Morphological identification and COI barcoding of 212 trapped rodents assigned them to seven species belonging to seven genera in three families. Among these, the midday gerbil（Meriones meridianus psammophilus） was the dominant species in Hotan and Kashgar prefectures, accounting for 74.70% and 51.30% of captures, respectively. Overall, rodent infestations in the three prefectures of southern Xinjiang were generally light but exhibited severe outbreaks in localized areas. Therefore, rodent control efforts should prioritize regions experiencing high infestation levels.

keywords:southern Xinjiang grassland rodent infestation level DNA barcoding survey

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