| 无人机在果园精准作业中的研究进展与挑战分析 |
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| 引用本文：姜赛珂,朱诗嫣,刘亚佳,宋坚利,王昌陵,何雄奎.无人机在果园精准作业中的研究进展与挑战分析.植物保护学报,2026,53(1):20-33 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2026802 |
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| 中文摘要:无人机凭借其高机动性与平台扩展性，在果园遥感监测、变量施药与智能决策等方面展现出显著优势，成为推动果园植保智能化发展的关键装备。该文系统梳理了果园无人机平台的发展路径与典型应用，按照遥感型、作业型与融合型进行分类，剖析其在果树结构重建、果实识别、变量施药与喷雾调控中的关键技术与研究进展；并进一步总结了果园无人机系统从感知赋能向智能协同演化的4个阶段，揭示其背后的平台演进逻辑与集成趋势。在此基础上，深入探讨了当前果园环境下无人机应用面临的感知精度不稳定、变量控制滞后与系统闭环构建困难等关键问题，并展望未来在多模态感知、边缘智能、果园数字孪生与空-地协同作业等方向的技术突破。 |
| 中文关键词:果园无人机 智能施药 遥感监测 变量作业 系统集成 植保智能化 |
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| Research progress and challenges of UAVs in precision orchard operations |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Jiang Saike | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | Zhu Shiyan | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | Liu Yajia | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | Song Jianli | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | Wang Changling | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | He Xiongkui | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | xiongkui@cau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), leveraging their high mobility and platform expansibility, have demonstrated significant advantages in orchard remote sensing monitoring, variable-rate application, and intelligent decision-making, emerging as pivotal equipment for advancing intelligent orchard plant protection. This paper systematically reviews the development trajectory and typical applications of UAV platforms in orchards and classifies them into remote-sensing, operation, and integrated types. The key technologies and research progress in fruit tree structure reconstruction, fruit recognition, variable-rate spraying, and spray control are analyzed. Furthermore, four evolutionary stages of orchard UAV systems, from perception-enabled systems to intelligent collaboration, are summarized, and the underlying platform evolution logic and integration trends are revealed. Based on this, the paper delves into the key challenges currently faced by UAV applications in orchard environments, including unstable perception accuracy, lagging variable control, and difficulties in constructing closed-loop systems, and prospects future technological breakthroughs in multi-modal perception, edge intelligence, orchard digital twins, and aerial-ground cooperative operations. |
| keywords:orchard UAV intelligent spraying remote sensing monitoring variable-rate operation system integration intelligent plant protection |
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