| 果园精准喷雾机研究现状与发展趋势 |
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| 引用本文：李文静,王彬彬,陈恒,何雄奎.果园精准喷雾机研究现状与发展趋势.植物保护学报,2026,53(1):44-53 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2026804 |
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| 中文摘要:果园植保施药是保障果树健康与农产品安全的关键环节，其机械化和精准化水平直接影响果园生产效益与生态环境。中国果园以小规模农户种植管理为主，现有施药装备普遍存在作业效率低、雾滴沉积分布不均、农药流失严重及环境污染风险高等问题。精准喷雾机研发起步相对较晚，当前主流装备常采用大容量淋洗式或固定剂量连续喷洒方式，易产生过密雾滴，导致农药利用率低，资源浪费加剧。基于此，该文以果园精准智能喷雾机为研究对象，系统综述其国内外研究现状与技术演进，重点分析系统构成与关键技术进展，总结其在不同果园场景下的应用效果，并对其未来发展趋势进行展望，以期为果园植保装备的智能化升级和农药减量增效提供参考。 |
| 中文关键词:精准施药 变量施药 对靶 植保机械 农药利用率 研究进展 |
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| Current status and development trends of researches on precision sprayers for orchards |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Li Wenjing | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | Wang Binbin | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | Chen Heng | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | He Xiongkui | College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | xiongkui@cau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract:Orchard plant protection and pesticide application is the key link to ensure the health of fruit trees and the safety of agricultural products. Its mechanization and precision level directly affect the orchard production efficiency and ecological environment. The orchards in China are mainly managed by small-scale farmers. The existing pesticide application equipment generally has problems such as low operating efficiency, uneven distribution of droplet deposition, serious pesticide loss and high risk of environmental pollution. The research and development of precision sprayers started relatively late. At present, the mainstream equipment often adopts large-capacity leaching or fixed-dose continuous spraying, which is prone to producing dense droplets, resulting in low utilization rate of pesticides and increased waste of resources. Thus, this article takes precision and intelligent orchard sprayers as the research object, systematically reviews its research status and technology evolution in China and abroad, focuses on the analysis of system composition and key technological progress, summarizes the application effect in different orchard scenarios, and foresees its future development trend, thereby providing a reference for the intelligent upgrading of orchard plant protection equipment and pesticide reduction and efficiency improvement. |
| keywords:precise application variable spraying target plant protection machinery pesticide utilization rate research progress |
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