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植保无人机与人工作业施药对板栗上主要害虫的防效及成本效益比较

引用本文：王海荣,田寿乐,孙晓莉,孙瑞红,李颖芳,叶甜甜,王金平,沈广宁.植保无人机与人工作业施药对板栗上主要害虫的防效及成本效益比较.植物保护学报,2026,53(1):139-144

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025065

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作者	单位	E-mail
王海荣	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
田寿乐	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
孙晓莉	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
孙瑞红	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
李颖芳	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
叶甜甜	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
王金平	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000
沈广宁	山东省果树研究所, 农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室, 泰安 271000	gnshens@163.com

中文摘要:为大面积板栗种植园提供精准的防治手段和高适配性的技术方案，2024年5月15日于山东省果树研究所万吉山板栗基地进行试验，采用植保无人机（unmanned aerial vehicle，UAV）和人工作业两种施药方式对板栗树喷药，测定喷药后板栗上主要害虫栗大蚜Lachus tropicalis和针叶小爪螨Oligonychus ununguis的虫口减退率和防效，并比较这两种施药方式的作业小时生产率、有效运营成本等成本效益指标。结果显示：人工作业喷施30%氟啶虫酰胺·烯啶虫胺水分散粒剂后3 d，对栗大蚜的防效可达91.14%，优于植保UAV的防效（70.99%）；人工作业喷施22%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂6 000倍液后3、7和14 d，对针叶小爪螨的防效分别为77.74%、86.34%和91.47%，与植保UAV喷施450 mL/hm² 22%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂的防效差异不显著（分别为75.59%、84.64%、89.82%）；人工作业施药方式的有效运营成本为539.82元/hm²，是植保UAV的1.02倍；植保UAV的作业小时生产率为1.78 hm²/h，而人工作业施药的作业小时生产率仅为0.06 hm²/h，前者较后者的作业效率提高了28.67%。

中文关键词:植保无人机人工作业板栗栗大蚜针叶小爪螨防效成本效益

Comparative analysis of control efficacy and cost-effectiveness between plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle spraying and manual application for major pests in chestnut orchards

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Wang Hairong	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Tian Shoule	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Sun Xiaoli	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Sun Ruihong	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Li Yingfang	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Ye Tiantian	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Wang Jinping	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
Shen Guangning	Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Engineering in the Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China	gnshens@163.com

Abstract:To provide precise control strategies and highly adaptable technical solutions for large-scale chestnut orchards, a field experiment was conducted on May 15, 2024, at the Wanjishan Chestnut Base of the Shandong Institute of Pomology. Two application methods—plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying and manual application—were compared in terms of their control efficacy against the two major chestnut pests large chestnut aphid Lachnus tropicalis and spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis. Pest population reduction rate and pest control efficacy were evaluated after application, and cost-effectiveness indicators, including productivity per effective working hour and effective operating cost, were also analyzed and compared between the two application methods. The experimental results demonstrated that manual application of 30% flonicamid·nitenpyram water-dispersible granules achieved a control efficacy of 91.14% against L. tropicalis at 3 days after treatment, which was higher than that achieved by plant protection UAV spraying (70.99%). Moreover, manual spraying of a 22% abamectin·spirodiclofen suspension at a dilution ratio of 6 000∶1 yielded control efficacies of 77.74%, 86.34%, and 91.47% against O. ununguis at 3, 7 and 14 d after application, respectively. These values were not significantly different from those obtained with plant protection UAV spraying at an application rate of 450 mL/hm² (75.59%, 84.64%, and 89.82%, respectively). The effective operating cost of manual application was 539.82 yuan/hm², which was 1.02 times that of plant protection UAV spraying. The productivity per effective working hour of plant protection UAV reached 1.78 hm²/h, whereas that of manual application was only 0.06 hm²/h, reflecting a 28.67% improvement in operational efficiency for plant protection UAV.

keywords:plant protection UAV manual pesticide application chestnut Lachus tropicalis Oligonychus ununguis control efficacy cost-effectiveness

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