| 地衣天然产物松萝酸抗植物病原真菌的研究现状及农业应用潜力 |
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| 引用本文：曹淑琳,江聪,王延延,陈怀谷,李伟.地衣天然产物松萝酸抗植物病原真菌的研究现状及农业应用潜力.植物保护学报,2026,53(1):176-188 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025143 |
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| 中文摘要:植物病原真菌病害是威胁全球农业生产的主要因素之一。长期以来，化学杀菌剂的过度使用引起了病原菌的抗药性及农药残留等突出问题，亟需开发作用机制新颖的绿色农药。松萝酸作为地衣特有的二苯并呋喃类次生代谢产物，因其广谱生物活性而备受关注。研究表明，松萝酸对革兰氏阳性细菌及镰刀菌Fusarium spp.、炭疽菌Colletotrichum spp.等部分植物病原真菌表现出显著的抑菌活性；其对细菌及动物细胞的作用机制涉及破坏细胞膜完整性、干扰能量代谢、螯合金属辅酶及抑制核酸合成等多靶点特性。然而，针对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性与机制研究仍较为匮乏，且存在作用靶点不明、溶解性差、生态安全性评估不足等瓶颈问题。该文系统综述松萝酸的化学特性、药理活性、抗微生物活性及其作用机制，重点探讨其在抗植物病原真菌方面的研究进展与农业应用潜力。同时提出松萝酸可能通过抑制细胞壁合成、干扰麦角固醇代谢等途径抑制植物病原真菌的假说，并建议通过组学技术、分子对接及遗传验证等策略解析其分子靶点。未来研究需结合结构修饰与剂型优化，提升其选择性与环境兼容性，系统评估其对非靶标生物的影响，从而推动松萝酸成为绿色农药的重要先导化合物。 |
| 中文关键词:地衣 松萝酸 抑菌活性 作用机制 应用前景 |
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| Usnic acid from lichens: a review of its activity against phytopathogenic fungi and potential for agricultural applications |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Cao Shulin | Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China | | | Jiang Cong | College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China | | | Wang Yanyan | College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China | | | Chen Huaigu | Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China | | | Li Wei | Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China | lw0501@jaas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract:Disease caused by phytopathogenic fungi poses a serious threat to global agricultural production. Prolonged overuse of chemical fungicides has exacerbated critical issues including widespread pathogen resistance and persistent pesticide residues, thereby highlighting an urgent demand for green pesticides with novel modes of action. Usnic acid (UA), a dibenzofuran-type secondary metabolite uniquely biosynthesized by lichens, has attracted considerable attention due to its broad-spectrum bioactivities. Studies have shown that UA exhibits significant inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria as well as several plant pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium spp. and Colletotrichum spp. In bacterial and animal systems, its mechanisms of action involve multiple targets, including disruption of cell membrane integrity, interference with energy metabolism, chelation of metal cofactors, and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. However, research on its activity against plant pathogens remains limited, with only sporadic reports over the past two decades, and faces bottlenecks such as an unclear mode of action, poor solubility, and insufficient ecological safety assessment. Based on this background, this review systematically summarizes the chemical properties, pharmacological activities, antimicrobial effects, and underlying mechanisms of UA, with a particular focus on its recent advances and potential agricultural application against plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, we propose the hypothesis that UA may inhibit plant pathogenic fungi by suppressing cell wall synthesis and/or interfering with ergosterol metabolism. We also suggest that strategies such as omics technologies, molecular docking, and genetic validation should be employed to elucidate its molecular targets. Future studies should focus on structural modification and formulation optimization to improve its selectivity and environmental compatibility, systematically evaluating its impact on non-target organisms, and thereby promote UA as a promising lead compound for green pesticides. |
| keywords:lichen usnic acid antimicrobial activity mechanism of action application prospect |
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