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海南省植物疫霉菌种类鉴定、发生分布及快速检测技术的建立

引用本文：郝天照,陆圣诞,曹诗曼,周志明,刘晓珍,李智婷,王之欣,张馨予,杨成东,冯婉珍,梁启福,陈庆河.海南省植物疫霉菌种类鉴定、发生分布及快速检测技术的建立.植物保护学报,2026,53(1):283-298

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025089

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作者	单位	E-mail
郝天照	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
陆圣诞	海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
曹诗曼	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
周志明	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
刘晓珍	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
李智婷	海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
王之欣	海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
张馨予	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
杨成东	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
冯婉珍	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
梁启福	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
陈庆河	海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院), 三亚 572025 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228	qhchen@hainanu.edu.cn

中文摘要:为明确海南省近年来植物疫病的发生、疫霉菌的种类及其分布情况，于2020—2025年在海南省（除三沙市以外）的3个地级市、5个县级市、4个县、6个少数民族自治县共159个地点，对热带作物、热带果树、蔬菜等开展疫病的发生情况调查，采集具有疫病典型的根腐症状、根颈腐症状和果腐症状的病样进行病原菌分离纯化，采用形态学特征、分子生物学鉴定和致病性验证相结合的方法对病原菌进行鉴定。结果显示：植物疫病在海南省所有调查市县均有发生，危害严重且普遍；采集表现典型植物疫病症状的样本1 103份，分离获得821株疫霉菌，共鉴定出8个疫霉种，分别为棕榈疫霉Phytophthora palmivora、辣椒疫霉P. capsici、烟草疫霉P. nicotianae、芋疫霉P. colocasiae、樟疫霉P. cinnamomi、致病疫霉P. infestans、大豆疫霉P. sojae、豇豆疫霉P. vignae。棕榈疫霉、辣椒疫霉与烟草疫霉的寄主较广泛，是当前海南省热带作物的优势疫霉菌，分布广泛且发生严重。芋疫霉的寄主单一，仅侵染芋Colocasia esculenta，但也在海南省各调查市县均有发生。致病疫霉、大豆疫霉与豇豆疫霉的寄主单一，在部分市县发生严重。此外，针对上述8种主要植物疫霉菌建立了快速鉴定的PCR检测技术，可用于海南省植物疫霉菌所致病害的监测与防控。

中文关键词:疫霉菌形态特征聚类分析分布分子检测

Distribution, identification and rapid detection of Phytophthora spp. in Hainan Province

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Hao Tianzhao	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Lu Shengdan	Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Cao Shiman	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Zhou Zhiming	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Liu Xiaozhen	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Li Zhiting	Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Wang Zhixin	Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Zhang Xinyu	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Yang Chengdong	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Feng Wanzhen	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Liang Qifu	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Chen Qinghe	School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan Province, China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China	qhchen@hainanu.edu.cn

Abstract:To clarify the occurrence of plant Phytophthora diseases, as well as the species and geographical distribution of Phytophthora pathogens in Hainan Province, a random sampling survey was conducted from 2020 to 2025 across 159 locations. These locations span three prefecture-level cities, five county-level cities, four counties, and six ethnic minority autonomous counties throughout Hainan (excluding Sansha City). The investigation focused on diseases of tropical crops, tropical fruit trees, and vegetables caused by Phytophthora spp. Samples exhibiting typical symptoms such as root rot, stem collar rot, and fruit rot were collected, followed by isolation and purification of the pathogens. Pathogens were identified using an approach combining morphological characteristics, molecular biological techniques, and pathogenicity assays. The results revealed that plant Phytophthora diseases occurred in all surveyed regions across Hainan, exhibiting widespread and severe damage. From the 1 103 samples with characteristic disease symptoms, 821 Phytophthora strains were isolated. A total of eight Phytophthora species were identified: P. palmivora, P. capsici, P. nicotianae, P. colocasiae, P. cinnamomi, P. infestans, P. sojae, and P. vignae. Among the identified species, P. palmivora, P. capsici, and P. nicotianae exhibited broad host ranges and are currently the dominant Phytophthora species infecting tropical crops in Hainan, being widely distributed and causing severe damage across Hainan. Phytophthora colocasiae, which exclusively infects taro, also exhibited island-wide distribution. Phytophthora infestans, P. sojae, and P. vignae were host-specific and caused severe damage in certain cities and counties. Furthermore, PCR-based detection techniques were established for the rapid identification of these eight Phytophthora species, providing a technical basis for the monitoring and control of plant Phytophthora diseases in Hainan.

keywords:Phytophthora species morphological identification phylogenetic analysis distribution molecular detection

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