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土壤强还原消毒过程中产生气体对土传病原菌的抑制作用

引用本文：黄新琦,刘亮亮,朱睿,张金波,蔡祖聪.土壤强还原消毒过程中产生气体对土传病原菌的抑制作用.植物保护学报,2016,43(4):627-633

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2016.04.015

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作者	单位	E-mail
黄新琦	南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023 南京师范大学, 江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室, 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 南京 210023
刘亮亮	南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023
朱睿	南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023
张金波	南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023 南京师范大学, 江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室, 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 南京 210023
蔡祖聪	南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023 南京师范大学, 江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室, 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 南京 210023	zccai@njnu.edu.cn

中文摘要:土壤强还原（reductive soil disinfestation，RSD）是一种高效、环保的土壤消毒方法，为明确RSD杀菌机理，采用气相色谱和荧光定量PCR等技术研究RSD过程中产生的气体对土传病原菌的杀菌作用。结果表明：RSD过程中土壤能够产生H₂S和NH₃；当在装有25 g病土的三角瓶中分别加入25 mL的H₂S和NH₃时，土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的数量均显著下降，其杀菌效果分别为90.3%和100.0%；当在病土中加入0.125%（w/w）氨水时，尖孢镰刀菌、茄劳尔氏菌、辣椒疫霉和立枯丝核菌的数量分别下降至对照土壤的1.0%、0.3%、0.1%和0.9%；此外，加入10μL氨水即可显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发，抑制率分别为52.8%和100.0%。表明RSD过程中产生的H₂S和NH₃对RSD过程的杀菌效果起着一定的作用。

中文关键词:氨硫化氢尖孢镰刀菌厌氧发酵

The inhibitory effect of volatile gases produced in reductive soil disinfestation on soil-borne plant pathogens

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Huang Xinqi	School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
Liu Liangliang	School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
Zhu Rui	School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
Zhang Jinbo	School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
Cai Zucong	School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China	zccai@njnu.edu.cn

Abstract:Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an efficient and environment-friendly way to reduce the populations of plant pathogens in continuous mono-cropping soils. In order to clarify the mechanism of RSD, gas chromatography and quantitative real-time PCR were performed for investigating the inhibitory effects of the gases produced during RSD on the soil-borne pathogens in this study. The results showed that H₂S and NH₃ were produced in RSD treated soils. When 25 mL H₂S was added to the Erlenmeyer flask, with 25 g soils, the population of Fusarium oxysporum decreased by 90.3%, and equal amount of NH₃ could completely remove the pathogen from the soil. When 0.125% (w/w) ammonia water was added to the pathogen-infected soil, the populations of F. oxysporum, Ralstonia solonacearum, Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani decreased to 1.0%, 0.3%, 0.1% and 0.9% of that in control soil, respectively. The mycelium growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum were significantly inhibited by the presence of 10 μL ammonia water in Petri dish, and the inhibition ratios were 52.8% and 100.0%, respectively. These results indicated that H₂S and NH₃ produced in RSD process played an important role in the mechanism of RSD.

keywords:ammonia hydrogen sulfide Fusarium oxysporum anaerobic fermentation

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