RNAi在害虫防治中的脱靶效应及其规避策略 Click here to download the full text Citation：陈嘉生,黄云,李秀霞,彭英传,王康旭,徐鹿,盛成旺.RNAi在害虫防治中的脱靶效应及其规避策略.Journal of Plant Protection,2026,53(4):881-891 Hits: Download times: Author Name Affiliation E-mail Chen Jiasheng  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China  chenjs@ahau.edu.cn  Huang Yun  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China    Li Xiuxia  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China    Peng Yingchuan  Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi Province, China    Wang Kangxu  Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety of Jiangsu Province, College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China    Xu Lu  Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China    Sheng Chengwang  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China  scw2019@ahau.edu.cn  中文摘要:RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）作为一种精准的基因沉默工具，在害虫绿色防控中展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，RNAi的脱靶效应所引发的非靶标生物安全风险，成为制约其推广应用的关键因素。该文系统综述了RNAi脱靶效应的分子机制，将其划分为序列特异性（专一性）与序列非特异性（非专一性）两类，分别涉及序列相似度、碱基匹配特征、基因转录水平、小干扰RNA/双链RNA、微小RNA以及RNA诱导沉默复合体装载保真度等介导的脱靶效应；总结影响脱靶效应的主要因素为双链RNA的结构特征、物种差异及双链RNA施用方式；采取双链RNA设计优化、微小RNA化学修饰以及基于脱靶预测软件和网站的评估方法等措施应对脱靶效应，以期为RNAi技术在害虫防治中的安全应用提供理论依据。 中文关键词:RNA干扰  脱靶效应  非靶标生物  应对策略  害虫防治   Off-target effects and mitigation strategies of RNA interference in pest control Author Name Affiliation E-mail Chen Jiasheng  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China  chenjs@ahau.edu.cn  Huang Yun  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China    Li Xiuxia  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China    Peng Yingchuan  Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi Province, China    Wang Kangxu  Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety of Jiangsu Province, College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China    Xu Lu  Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China    Sheng Chengwang  School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China  scw2019@ahau.edu.cn  Abstract:RNA interference (RNAi), as a precise gene-silencing technology, has shown great potential for application in sustainable pest management. However, the biosafety risks posed non-target organisms by RNAi off-target effects have become a major constraint on its widespread application. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying RNAi off-target effects, classifying them into sequence-specific and sequence-independent categories. These mechanisms involve sequence similarity, base-pairing characteristics, gene transcription levels, small interfering RNA (siRNA)/double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and the loading fidelity of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The key factors influencing off-target effects, including dsRNA structural features, species differences, and dsRNA delivery methods, are also summarized. In addition, current mitigation strategies, such as optimizing dsRNA design, chemically modifying siRNA, and applying off-target prediction software and webbased evaluation tools, are discussed. This review provides a theoretical basis for the safe application of RNAi technology in pest control. keywords:RNA interference  off-target effect  non-target organism  mitigation strategy  pest control View Full Text  View/Add Comment  Download reader

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